Канал: macrophage

Medagogy case 2: 65-year-old man with hematuria

Medagogy case 2: 65-year-old man with hematuria

Medagogy case 1: 35-year-old woman with confusion

Medagogy case 1: 35-year-old woman with confusion

Introduction to hypoxemia

Introduction to hypoxemia

Measuring blood oxygenation

Measuring blood oxygenation

Signs and symptoms of hypoxemia

Signs and symptoms of hypoxemia

Mechanisms of hypoxemia

Mechanisms of hypoxemia

Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

Oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve

Alveolar gas equation

Alveolar gas equation

A-a gradients

A-a gradients

PaO2 to FiO2 ratio

PaO2 to FiO2 ratio

V-Q mismatch

V-Q mismatch

Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation

Shunt

Shunt

Differential diagnosis for hypoxemia

Differential diagnosis for hypoxemia

What happens to CO2 in hypoxemic respiratory failure?

What happens to CO2 in hypoxemic respiratory failure?

Oxygen therapy

Oxygen therapy

Chest imaging

Chest imaging

Mechanical ventilation - indications and risks

Mechanical ventilation - indications and risks

Anti-Herpetic Drugs - Side Effects and Resistance

Anti-Herpetic Drugs - Side Effects and Resistance

Rotavirus - Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prevention

Rotavirus - Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prevention

Respiratory Viruses - Treatment and Prevention

Respiratory Viruses - Treatment and Prevention

Respiratory Viruses - Clinical Presentations and Diagnosis

Respiratory Viruses - Clinical Presentations and Diagnosis

Norovirus - Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prevention

Norovirus - Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prevention

HSV 1 and 2 Prevention

HSV 1 and 2 Prevention

Influenza A and B Infection and Replication

Influenza A and B Infection and Replication

HSV - Clinical Presentation - Part 2

HSV - Clinical Presentation - Part 2

HHV 6 and 7 - Roseloa

HHV 6 and 7 - Roseloa

CMV Clinical Syndromes - Mono, Congenital Infection, Immunocompromised Hosts

CMV Clinical Syndromes - Mono, Congenital Infection, Immunocompromised Hosts

HSV 1 and 2 - Pathogenesis of Oral and Genital Herpes

HSV 1 and 2 - Pathogenesis of Oral and Genital Herpes

HSV - Clinical Presentation - Part 1

HSV - Clinical Presentation - Part 1

CMV Virology - Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

CMV Virology - Epidemiology and Pathophysiology

Non Polio Enteroviruses - Echovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Enterovirus

Non Polio Enteroviruses - Echovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Enterovirus

Introduction to Human Herpesviruses (HHV)

Introduction to Human Herpesviruses (HHV)

Influenza Drift and Shift - Negative RNA and the Segmented Genome

Influenza Drift and Shift - Negative RNA and the Segmented Genome

EBV and Mononucleosis - Pathogenesis and Clinical Presentation

EBV and Mononucleosis - Pathogenesis and Clinical Presentation

Influenza Infection - Clinical Symptoms and Presentation

Influenza Infection - Clinical Symptoms and Presentation

Chickenpox and Shingles (Zoster) Prevention

Chickenpox and Shingles (Zoster) Prevention

Influenza Treatment - Medications and Criteria for Treatment

Influenza Treatment - Medications and Criteria for Treatment

HHV-8 and Kaposi Sarcoma

HHV-8 and Kaposi Sarcoma

Influenza Vaccines

Influenza Vaccines

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Cancer

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and Cancer

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Diagnosis and Testing

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Diagnosis and Testing

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Clinical Presentation

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Clinical Presentation

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) - Virology and Pathogenesis

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) - Virology and Pathogenesis

VZV - Clinical Presentation of Chicken Pox and Shingles

VZV - Clinical Presentation of Chicken Pox and Shingles

Rabies Prevention - Vaccinating Animals and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies Prevention - Vaccinating Animals and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

Rabies - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

Introduction to Viral Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Meningoencephalitis

Introduction to Viral Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Meningoencephalitis

HSV Encephalitis - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

HSV Encephalitis - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

West Nile Virus - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

West Nile Virus - Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis

Anti-Herpetic Drugs - How They Work

Anti-Herpetic Drugs - How They Work

Polio Pathophysiology

Polio Pathophysiology

Polio - Clinical Presentations

Polio - Clinical Presentations

Polio Vaccines - Salk vs Sabin

Polio Vaccines - Salk vs Sabin

Introduction to Enteric Viruses

Introduction to Enteric Viruses

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Pathophysiology

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) - Pathophysiology

Path of Blood in the Kidney - Renal Artery, Afferent Arteriole, and the Glomerulus

Path of Blood in the Kidney - Renal Artery, Afferent Arteriole, and the Glomerulus

Anatomy of the Kidney - Cortex, Medulla, Calyces, Renal Pyramids, and more

Anatomy of the Kidney - Cortex, Medulla, Calyces, Renal Pyramids, and more

Reabsorption in the Nephron

Reabsorption in the Nephron

Meet the Nephron of the Kidney - Anatomy/Structure

Meet the Nephron of the Kidney - Anatomy/Structure

Meet the Glomerulus of the Kidney

Meet the Glomerulus of the Kidney

Path of Blood in the Kidney - Efferent Arteriole, Peritubular Capillaries, and Renal Vein

Path of Blood in the Kidney - Efferent Arteriole, Peritubular Capillaries, and Renal Vein

Path of blood 1 (old)

Path of blood 1 (old)

Gross Anatomy of the Kidney

Gross Anatomy of the Kidney

Why do we need kidneys?

Why do we need kidneys?

Ways our Body Can Gain and Lose Water

Ways our Body Can Gain and Lose Water

The Formula for Free Water Clearance

The Formula for Free Water Clearance

Concept of Free Water Clearance - An Intuitive Understanding

Concept of Free Water Clearance - An Intuitive Understanding

Concentration Throughout the Nephron Without ADH

Concentration Throughout the Nephron Without ADH

Concentration Throughout the Nephron with ADH

Concentration Throughout the Nephron with ADH

Role of Urea in the Kidney - Part 2

Role of Urea in the Kidney - Part 2

Role of Urea in the Kidney - Part 1

Role of Urea in the Kidney - Part 1

Vasa Recta - Specialized Capillaries in the Kidney

Vasa Recta - Specialized Capillaries in the Kidney

Cortical vs. Juxtamedullary Nephrons in the Kidney

Cortical vs. Juxtamedullary Nephrons in the Kidney

Countercurrent Multiplication in the Loop of Henle

Countercurrent Multiplication in the Loop of Henle

Concentrating the Medulla - The Role of the Loop of Henle

Concentrating the Medulla - The Role of the Loop of Henle

How the Body Corrects Concentration Changes - Thirst and ADH

How the Body Corrects Concentration Changes - Thirst and ADH

How the Body Senses Concentration Changes - The Role of Osmoreceptors

How the Body Senses Concentration Changes - The Role of Osmoreceptors

How does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) work?

How does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) work?

Examples of Volume and Concentration Control by the Kidney

Examples of Volume and Concentration Control by the Kidney

Volume Regulation by the Kidney

Volume Regulation by the Kidney

Salt Water Paradox - How the Kidneys React to Increased Sodium Concentration

Salt Water Paradox - How the Kidneys React to Increased Sodium Concentration

What does the kidney regulate more tightly - concentration or volume?

What does the kidney regulate more tightly - concentration or volume?

The Two Arms of the Kidney - Reacting to Changes in Volume and Concentration

The Two Arms of the Kidney - Reacting to Changes in Volume and Concentration

Calculating Clearance - Example Calculations

Calculating Clearance - Example Calculations

Introducing Clearance - An Intuitive and Mathematical Definition

Introducing Clearance - An Intuitive and Mathematical Definition

Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic Fluids - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic Fluids - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Eating Salt - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Eating Salt - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Drinking Water - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Drinking Water - Effect on Volume and Concentration

Water Moves to Equalize Concentration in the Body

Water Moves to Equalize Concentration in the Body

Estimating Serum Osmolality using a Simple Formula

Estimating Serum Osmolality using a Simple Formula

Solutes in the Intracellular Compartment

Solutes in the Intracellular Compartment

Electrolytes in the Extracellular Compartment

Electrolytes in the Extracellular Compartment

Intravascular and Interstitial Compartments

Intravascular and Interstitial Compartments

Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments

Intracellular and Extracellular Compartments

Fluid Compartments of the Body - Introduction

Fluid Compartments of the Body - Introduction

Reabsorption of sodium in the collecting duct of the nephron

Reabsorption of sodium in the collecting duct of the nephron

Reabsorption of Sodium in the distal convoluted tubule

Reabsorption of Sodium in the distal convoluted tubule

Reabsorption of Sodium in the Loop of Henle

Reabsorption of Sodium in the Loop of Henle

The limbs of the Loop of Henle

The limbs of the Loop of Henle

How does sodium cross the apical membrane in the PCT of the nephron?

How does sodium cross the apical membrane in the PCT of the nephron?

Transporting Reabsorbed Substances through the Basolateral Membrane in the PCT

Transporting Reabsorbed Substances through the Basolateral Membrane in the PCT

Sodium channels in the apical membrane of the PCT

Sodium channels in the apical membrane of the PCT

Reabsorption of Water in the Kidney -- Water Follows Sodium

Reabsorption of Water in the Kidney -- Water Follows Sodium

How does sodium cross the basolateral membrane in the PCT of the nephron?

How does sodium cross the basolateral membrane in the PCT of the nephron?

Where in the nephron is sodium reabsorbed?

Where in the nephron is sodium reabsorbed?

How much sodium does the kidney need to reabsorb per day?

How much sodium does the kidney need to reabsorb per day?

Reabsorption of substances in the kidney - Introduction

Reabsorption of substances in the kidney - Introduction

Inulin and PAH and their use in measuring GFR and RPF

Inulin and PAH and their use in measuring GFR and RPF

Measuring clearance of a substance by the kidney

Measuring clearance of a substance by the kidney

Reabsorption and Secretion of Substances in the Kidney

Reabsorption and Secretion of Substances in the Kidney

How to calculate the amount of a substance filtered by the kidney

How to calculate the amount of a substance filtered by the kidney

Law of Mass Balance in the Kidneys

Law of Mass Balance in the Kidneys

Podocytes - structure and function

Podocytes - structure and function

Development of the glomerulus helps explain its structure

Development of the glomerulus helps explain its structure

What keeps protein our of the urine? Barriers to filtration

What keeps protein our of the urine? Barriers to filtration

Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) - Anatomy

Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) - Anatomy

Mesangial cells - anatomy and function

Mesangial cells - anatomy and function

What changes GFR? The Starling equation

What changes GFR? The Starling equation

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Filtration Fraction (FF)

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and Filtration Fraction (FF)

Renal Blood Flow (RBF) and Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)

Renal Blood Flow (RBF) and Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)

Filtration in the Glomerulus

Filtration in the Glomerulus

Why do our kidneys filter so much?

Why do our kidneys filter so much?

Aminoglycosides and how to dose them

Aminoglycosides and how to dose them

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

Amphotericin B and Flucytosine

Cryptococcus

Cryptococcus

Bactrim

Bactrim

Rifampin

Rifampin

GRA

GRA

Adrenal glands

Adrenal glands

Blood cell lineages

Blood cell lineages

AME1

AME1

The life and times of red blood cells and platelets

The life and times of red blood cells and platelets

Clotting

Clotting

Blood types

Blood types

Thermoregulation in the cardiovascular system

Thermoregulation in the cardiovascular system

Thermoregulation in the lungs

Thermoregulation in the lungs

Flow through the heart

Flow through the heart

Self vs non-self

Self vs non-self

How white blood cells move around

How white blood cells move around

What is actually in lymph?

What is actually in lymph?

What is the lymphatic system's role in immunity?

What is the lymphatic system's role in immunity?

Clonal Selection

Clonal Selection

Why do we need a lymphatic system?

Why do we need a lymphatic system?

How do lymphatic vessels move fluid?

How do lymphatic vessels move fluid?

Lipid and protein transport in the lymphatic system

Lipid and protein transport in the lymphatic system

Insulin 1: What does insulin do, and why do we need it?

Insulin 1: What does insulin do, and why do we need it?

Insulin 3: How is glucose stored? And how is it later un-stored?

Insulin 3: How is glucose stored? And how is it later un-stored?

Insulin 2: What is glucagon?

Insulin 2: What is glucagon?

Kidney - Getting Thirsty

Kidney - Getting Thirsty

Hematology - Coagulation Cascade

Hematology - Coagulation Cascade

Respiration - Alveolar Ventilation Equation

Respiration - Alveolar Ventilation Equation

Respiration - Water Vapor

Respiration - Water Vapor

Respiration - Breathing

Respiration - Breathing