Audio version of *Physics and Philosophy* by Dr. Werner Heisenberg.
Source: [ Ссылка ]

Chapter 3, in which: Heisenberg explains that to call a phenomenon "both a particle and wave" is a contradiction, and therefore wrong. Instead, the phenomenon is neither a particle nor a wave, but has characteristics of either in different situations. Furthermore, there are not necessarily discontinuous changes in physical events; rather, "quantum jumps" refers to the discontinuous change of an observer's subjective knowledge when he learns the result of an experiment. But the transition from possible (or potential) to actual occurs when the measuring device physically interacts with something; it is not related to what happens in the mind of an observer. ("Observation" is physical, not mental.) Quantum theory does not contain "genuinely subjective" features, but there must be a reference to an observer in experiments. The intellectual division between a quantum system under study and the classical world surrounding it is arbitrary and does not affect the results, although there are sensible, practical reasons for making the division a certain way for experiments. We cannot observe nature directly, but only observe what is revealed by our questioning.

(At one point, Heisenberg employs the Latin phrase "NATURA NON FACIT SALTUS" which means "Nature does not make jumps", referring to Leibniz's "Law of Continuity" ([ Ссылка ]). He also continually uses the phrase "light quantum" to refer to the "photon", as we would commonly call it these days.)

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