Pericardiocentesis is a procedure that removes excess fluid from the sac around the heart, called the pericardium:
Purpose
Pericardiocentesis can be performed to treat cardiac tamponade or to remove excess fluid that can affect the heart's function.
Procedure
A healthcare provider inserts a needle through the chest wall and into the pericardium. A catheter is then inserted through the needle to drain the fluid. The catheter may be left in place for a period of time to prevent fluid from building up again.
Complications
Potential complications include ventricular premature beats, coronary artery laceration, and lung laceration.
When it's performed
Pericardiocentesis is often performed when cardiac tamponade is present. It may also be recommended if the effusion is large, even if there is no tamponade.
The pericardium is a fibrous sac that surrounds the heart and is made up of two layers. The space between the layers is normally filled with a small amount of fluid that protects the heart and reduces friction when it beats. When too much fluid builds up, it can hinder the heart's ability to contract.
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