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Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm. In the current era of new agents, such as immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, and antibodies, enormous progress has been achieved in the therapy of MM. Accurate diagnosis is based on several factors, including physical evaluation, patient history, symptoms, and diagnostic testing results. Major and minor criteria are required to confirm the diagnosis of MM and help to determine the classification and staging of MM and whether it is smoldering myeloma (asymptomatic), symptomatic myeloma, or a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MM treatment options have increased significantly over the last ten years. Pivotal studies evaluated the cytogenetic classification, staging, and risk stratification and novel treatment approach with protease inhibitors (carfilzomib, ixazomib, bortezomib); monoclonal antibodies (datatuzumab, elotuzumab, isatuximab); immunomodulatory agent (lenalidomide), histone deacetylase inhibitors (panobinostat, vorinostat), doublet and triplet combination therapies in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM; and the evolving role of bb2121 anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell therapies for MM.
