Please read the description/textbox first. Important correction: of course 2021 = 2022. Sorry for that.

Many PNP Germanium Transistors (1960’s-1970’s early 1980’s) can be used/tested here (in this schematic) with success, as long as they have a kind of amplification factor, read: current Amplification, say Hfe, between 10- 50 or higher.

Somewhat more about Germanium transistors etc. is here [ Ссылка ]
You like the "Germanium sound?". Build this amplifier [ Ссылка ]

That (audio) amplification (factor/practical amplification) differs of course regarding the frequency where the amplifier/Germanium transistor has to work. That is no issue in this test circuit, it is not a HF or VHF circuit.

Here (in this video) it is an audio circuit, say working between 20 Hertz (20 Hz) and 20 KHz (20 KC).

Important: Perhaps there could be (much) confusion about the Germanium types transistors that I mention in the video. I mention on a certain moment the “AC 125” and the “AC 188” and tell that they are both PNP types. When I tell that the “AC 188” (European old school type) is a Germanium PNP Transistor that is right.

And when I tell that AC 125 a Germanium PNP transistor, yes that is also right.

But it can give some (much) confusion, because even and odd numbers were in the European nomenclature used by purposes.

Often (not always...that is very sorry) the un-even (read: odd) numbers tell that it is NPN (say the AC 187) and the even numbers (say the AC 188) tell that it is PNP. But not always....

That is a (big) problem, anyway. Of course: test the transistor that you want to use (be it Silicon or Germanium) with a transistor tester. Schematics are on my YT Channel. Please note: Germanium transistors can give very strange outcomes when tested.

Germanium Transistors can give ambigue test results. Even when they function good....
Video is here [ Ссылка ]

Talking about type numbers of Germanium Transistors: it needs a deep dive into the European nomenclature of tubes, transistors, etc, since the 1950’s. Some Germanium transistors types were only made for the industry/military/computer applications (like the CV type in this video) and were (thus) never on the consumer market. The CV type in this video is of the early 1970's.

Anyway: that is not the aim of this video. Perhaps for another video, but it will be a sea to drink.. And not my cup of tea, though…. I have my tube/transistor books (1960’s-early 1980’s) and I am always interested, focusing on certain tubes or transistors.

Most important here: use an old school Germanium PNP transistor in this circuit with a Hfe between 10 and 50 or more.

When you have questions about (certain analog) electronic circuits and how to make them: go to my Channel trailer (Radiofun232 on You Tube) and go to the “looking glass”. Type there the keywords that you want/need like: “power supply”, audio amplifier, capacitor tester, oscillator, radio, shortwave, shortwave radio, or any keyword you like to find the essential info & schematics on my YT channel.

My You Tube channel trailer is here: [ Ссылка ] When you search, search always “NEWEST FIRST” to get the right overview. You can also search via the “looking glass” on my Channel trailer via keywords like ”audio”, “radio”, “amplifier”, “filter”, “Shortwave”, “transistor”, “FET”, “oscillator”, “generator”, “switch”, “schmitt trigger” etc; so the electronic subject you are interested in. My books about electronics & analog radio technology are available via the website of "LULU”, search for author “Ko Tilman” there.

[ Ссылка ]

I keep all my YT videos constant actual, so the original video’s with the most recent information are always on YouTube. Search there, and avoid my circuits that are republished, re-arranged, re-edited on other websites, giving not probable re-wiring, etc. Some persons try to find gold via my circuits. I take distance from all these fake claims. I cannot help that these things happen. Upload 23 February 2022.

Important: on 24 February 2022 Russian military troups invade Oekraine.

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