Karadeniz - Black Sea

(Bulgarca: Черно море (Çerno more); Rumence: Marea Neagră; Rusça: Чёрное море (Çyornoye more); Ukraynaca: Чорне море (Çorne more); Gürcüce: შავი ზღვა (Şavi Zğva); Abhazca: Амшын Еиқәа (Amşın Eyk'wa); Lazca/Megrelce: უჩა ზუღა (Uça Zuğa); Çerkesçe: Хы ФӀыцӀэ, Ахын, güneydoğu Avrupa ile Anadolu yarımadası arasında yer alan[özgün araştırma?] kuzeyinde Ukrayna, kuzeydoğusunda Rusya, doğuda Gürcistan; güneyde Türkiye ve batıda Romanya ve Bulgaristanla çevrili, Atlas Okyanusu'na Akdeniz, Ege Denizi ve Marmara Denizi aracılığıyla bağlanan bir iç denizdir. İstanbul Boğazı vasıtasıyla Marmara, Kerç Boğazı vasıtasıyla Azak Denizi'ne bağlanmaktadır. Karadeniz, 8.350 kilometre kıyı şeridine sahip, 461.000 km² alan kaplayan (Azak Denizi dahil, Marmara Denizi hariç), en geniş yeri doğudan batıya 1.175 km, en derin noktası 2.210 m olan, Marmara Denizi vasıtasıyla Ege Denizi’ne bağlanan, batıdan doğuya böbrek formunda bir denizdir. Karadeniz üzerinde bulunan önemli liman kentleri Köstence, Mankalya, Burgaz, Varna, Odessa, Sivastopol, Yalta, Kerç, Novorossiysk, Soçi, Sohum, Poti, Batum, Hopa, Trabzon, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Sinop ve Zonguldak'tır.

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Southern Bug, Dniester, Don, and the Rioni. The watersheds of many countries drain into the Black Sea beyond the six that immediately border it. The Black Sea has an area of 436,400 km2 (168,500 sq mi) (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of 2,212 m (7,257 ft), and a volume of 547,000 km3 (131,000 cu mi). It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south, Caucasus Mountains to the east, Crimean Mountains to the north, Strandzha to the southwest, Balkan Mountains to the west, Dobrogea Plateau to the northwest, and features a wide shelf to the northwest.
The longest east–west extent is about 1,175 km (730 mi).[6] Important cities along the coast include Odessa, Sevastopol, Samsun, and Istanbul. The Black Sea is bordered by Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, and Russia. It has a positive water balance; that is, a net outflow of water 300 km3 (72 cu mi) per year through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea. There is a two-way hydrological exchange: the more saline and therefore denser, but warmer, Mediterranean water flows into the Black Sea under its less saline outflow. This creates a significant anoxic layer well below the surface waters. The Black Sea drains into the Mediterranean Sea, via the Aegean Sea and various straits, and is navigable to the Atlantic Ocean. The Bosporus Strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the Strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean Sea region of the Mediterranean. The Black Sea is also connected, to the north, to the Sea of Azov by the Kerch Strait.

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