Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE) was a Macedonian king and military commander who created one of the largest empires in history. Tutored by the philosopher Aristotle, he became king of Macedon after his father, King Philip II, was assassinated. Alexander began his conquests by uniting the Greek city-states and then moved on to invade the Persian Empire. His military genius led to victories at battles like Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela, which toppled Persia’s King Darius III. Alexander continued eastward, conquering Egypt, founding the city of Alexandria, and pushing into India, where he fought the Battle of the Hydaspes. His empire stretched from Greece to Egypt and into India, but after his death at 32, it fragmented into several Hellenistic kingdoms. His legacy includes the spread of Greek culture and the fusion of East and West.
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