Enrollment Link for General Studies (Prelims + Mains + Interviews) : www.misfits.bet
For Optional Subject (Political Science & International Relations) :
### Revised Strategy for Scoring **300+ Marks in PSIR Optional**
#### **PSIR Syllabus Overview**
The PSIR optional for UPSC consists of **two papers**:
- **Paper I**: Political Theory and Indian Politics
- **Paper II**: Comparative Politics and International Relations
Each paper is worth **250 marks**, making it a total of **500 marks**. Here's the syllabus breakdown and a tailored strategy using **Misfits IFS 7 Seasons** as your **primary resource
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### **Paper II: Comparative Politics and International Relations**
#### **Section A: Comparative Politics**
- **Core Themes**: Political systems, theories of state, globalization, political institutions.
- **Key Topics**: State sovereignty, political culture, democratization, and development.
#### **Section B: International Relations**
- **Core Themes**: Global governance, India’s foreign policy, global terrorism, climate change.
- **Key Topics**: NAM, Cold War, multipolarity, nuclear diplomacy, WTO, IMF reforms.
nd has survived despite multiple conflicts between the two nations.
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Manipur, a northeastern state in India, has been experiencing significant ethnic violence since May 2023. The conflict primarily involves the majority Meitei community and the minority Kuki-Zo tribal groups. The violence has resulted in over 250 deaths and displaced more than 60,000 people.
**Key Factors Contributing to the Conflict:**
1. **Scheduled Tribe Status Demand:** The Meitei community, which predominantly resides in the Imphal Valley and constitutes about half of Manipur's population, has been seeking inclusion in the Scheduled Tribe (ST) category. This demand is opposed by the Kuki and Naga tribes, who inhabit the surrounding hill districts, due to concerns over land rights and access to affirmative action benefits.
2. **Land and Resource Disputes:** The hill regions, primarily occupied by tribal communities, are protected under laws that restrict land ownership to preserve indigenous cultures. The Meiteis' demand for ST status is perceived as a threat to these protections, leading to tensions over land ownership and resource distribution.
3. **Influx of Refugees from Myanmar:** The ongoing civil war in Myanmar has led to an influx of refugees into Manipur, particularly affecting the Kuki-Zo communities due to their ethnic ties across the border. This migration has intensified competition for resources and heightened ethnic tensions.
4. **Militant Activities:** The presence of armed groups, such as the Arambai Tenggol, has escalated the violence. These groups have been involved in attacks against tribal communities, further deepening mistrust and animosity.
5. **Government Actions and Policies:** Measures like the "war on drugs" campaign have disproportionately affected tribal areas, leading to perceptions of bias and fueling unrest.
Efforts to restore peace have included the deployment of additional security forces and the imposition of curfews. However, sporadic clashes continue, and the situation remains volatile. Addressing the underlying issues of ethnic identity, land rights, and equitable resource distribution is crucial for achieving lasting peace in Manipur.
