A new study found a liter of bottled water contains hundreds of thousands of nanoplastics, which experts believe may cause health risks like gastrointestinal disorders, birth defects and increased mortality.“It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff,” lead author and Columbia chemistry graduate student Naixin Qian said in a statement. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them there are.”50 billion. That’s how many water bottles Americans buy each year, according to nonprofit Earth Day. Previous studies examined how much plastic particles were in bottled water, including a 2018 study that found an average of 325 microplastic particles per liter of water—nanoplastics weren’t included. Other research was done into the amount of plastic found in water bottles, but their estimates didn’t include plastics smaller than one micrometer, which means nanoplastics were also not a part of the study. Humans drinking two liters of bottled water per day will consume around a quadrillion nanoplastics a year, according to a 2023 study published in Environmental Science and Technology. Because nanoplastics are so small, they can travel through the body and enter places like the bloodstream, the lungs, heart and brain. Though not much is known about nanoplastics, scientists believe they could be more dangerous than microplastics because they’re more reactive, more abundant and can penetrate more locations in the body. Nanoplastics can cause an inflammatory response in the intestines as well as oxidative stress—an imbalance in cells and tissues. They can also cause metabolic disorders, according to a 2021 study. Polystyrene nanoplastics can lead to increased mortality, growth disorders, reproductive abnormalities and gastrointestinal dysfunction.


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