Wheat is an important staple food crop of Pakistan being cultivated on almost 6 million acres in the Punjab Province. With increase in population of the country the daily demand for wheat has been increased by two folds. Hence it is inevitable to double the crop yield per acre for food security of the growing population in Pakistan.
Following measures could be adopted to increase per acre yield in Punjab Pakistan
1. Cultivation of high yielding approved varieties of wheat some of which are given below
A. For Irrigated Areas
Urooj-2022, Nishan-21, Dilkash-20, Subhani-21, MH-21, Durum-21, Akbar-19, Ghazi-19, Nawab-21, Sadiq-21, Bhakkar Star-19, Fakhar e Bhakkar -17 Rahbar-21 are some high yielding wheat varieties recommended for cultivation all over Punjab in irrigated areas only.
B. For Rain Fed Areas
Aarooj-22, Nisha-21, M.A-21, Markaz -19, Barani-17, Fateh Jhang-16, Pakistan-13 are some of high yielding wheat varieties recommended for Barani Areas of Punjab.
But it must be kept in mind that Nishan-21 & Urooj-22 are recommended for both rainfed and irrigated areas of Punjab. But Sadiq-21, Nawab-21 & Ghazi-19 are only suited for south Punjab hot dry areas. It should also be noted that Faisalabad-2008 & Galaxy-13 are severely affected by wheat rust hence should not be cultivated on larger area.
2. Timely Cultivation of Wheat For High Yield Per Acre
Wheat cultivation should be started from 15th October in rainfed areas of Punjab while for irrigated areas it should be started from 25th October and should be completed before 20th November. Late cultivation of wheat results in per acre yield reduction on daily basis.
3. Optimum Seed Rate should be used.
For early cultivation 40-45 kg per acre seed should be used & for late cultivation 50-60 kg seed per acre is recommended.
4. Seed should be treated before sowing with proper fungicide & Insecticide.
Hombre Excel @ 2 ml per kg seed should be use for good results.
5. Laser Land Leveling of Soil for Better Water & Fertilizer Efficiency.
Before sowing of wheat crop, land should be leveled for better emergence and efficient utilization of inputs like water and fertilizers.
6. Adoption of Proper Sowing Method
Wheat should be cultivated according to the most recommended sowing method as per soil texture. For example in sandy loam soils bed cultivation method is not suitable while it gives good results in heavy loam and clayey soil of proper rice zone areas.
7. Use of Balanced Fertilizer for Better Yield.
For Medium Fertile Soil 54kg Nitrogen, 34kg P2O5 & 25 kg K2O per acre should be used
For Less fertile soils 64 kg Nitrogen, 46kg P2O5 & 25 kg K2O per acre should be used
For Well Fertile soils 46 kg Nitrogen, 30kg P2O5 & 25 kg K2O per acre should be used
8. Timely Irrigation of Wheat Crop
First irrigation should be applied after 20-25 days of sowing in cotton zone while in rice zone first irrigation should be applied after 35-40 days of sowing
2nd Irrigation should be applied 80-90 days after sowing and third irrigation must be applied 125-130 days after sowing.
An extra irrigation may be applied in between 1st and 2nd irrigation and also between 2nd & 3rd irrigation.
In Thal Areas six irrigations are usually required for wheat the sequence of irrigation is as under…
1st Irrigation 20-25 days after sowing
2nd irrigation 40-45 days after sowing
3rd irrigation 70-75 days after sowing
4th irrigation 90-95 days after sowing
5th irrigation 110-115 days after sowing
6th irrigation 130-135 days after sowing
9. Timely Weed Control
Herbicide for broad and narrow leaves weeds should be used timely after careful selection in consultation with an agricultural expert of your area. Herbicide nozzles should be used and preferably weed control should be completed in first 40-45 days of crop sowing.
10. Plant Protection Measures
Insects and disease if any should be managed in time with proper pesticide or any other non-chemical control strategy.
Usually Wheat Aphid and rust attack are common in the spring months which may be timely addressed
11. Timely Harvesting of Wheat at Maturity
Wheat should be harvested timely with modern harvesting machinery to minimize post harvest losses like combine harvester or with reaper-cum cutter binder etc. Some varieties have shattering issues like Akbar-19 & Galaxy-13 which should be harvested one week earlier than other wheat fields.
12. Wheat Storage Sale
Wheat should be stored after proper drying upto 10% moisture in well aerated and fumigated godowns for the purpose of sale in later months to increase the profit ratio but wheat for seed purpose should be kept separate and in bags rather in silos.
The links of some other useful videos are given below
Which is Best Wheat Variety for 2023 in Pakistan
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