Recent studies of the brain (neuroscience) demonstrate thar traumatic experiences – especially Adverse Childhood (early life) Experiences (ACEs) – cause dissociation (depersonalization, derealization, amnesia) and lead to a disruption in the sense of self (which is the main clinical feature in NPD and BPD).

LITERATURE

Lanius RA, Terpou BA, McKinnon MC. The sense of self in the aftermath of trauma: lessons from the default mode network in posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2020 Oct 23;11(1):1807703. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1807703. PMID: 33178406; PMCID: PMC7594748.

Eroglu TE, Coronel R, Halili A, Kessing LV, Arulmurugananthavadivel A, Parveen S, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. Long-term stress conditions and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest risk: a nested case-control study. Open Heart. 2023 May;10(1):e002223. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2022-002223. PMID: 37147025; PMCID: PMC10163588.

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