Tie beams are normally required when a column gets above 12 to 15 feet high, but there is some flexibility there for design purposes. They are usually unnecessary at heights below 12 feet.
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As a building gets taller, the columns would start leaning if they were not given some structure. That is the role of the tie beam. It’s any primary beam that connects — or ties together — two columns anywhere above the floor level to keep them from buckling.

The tie beam is not responsible for carrying the load as other beams might. It is there just to act as a stiffener to the columns as they get taller. It effectively acts as a length breaker for the columns, so they act like two short ones rather than one tall one.

Tie beams are normally required when a column gets above 12 to 15 feet high, but there is some flexibility there for design purposes. They are usually unnecessary at heights below 12 feet.

Primary and secondary beams carry the load of a floor. A tie beam differs because it does not take the load off the floor but rather the walls.

Tie beams help make the entire house structure more firm and stable by increasing stiffness. They help keep the columns from settling — vertical movement — by shifting force between them. The frame they create also helps reduce horizontal deflection.

These beams have to be reinforced with steel. You might hear a tie beam called a grade beam, ground beam, or plinth beam, all of which refer to the location of the tie beam rather than a different type of beam.

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