John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton are awarded with the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs).

Artificial Neural Networks are designed to mimic the workings of the human brain, processing information through interconnected nodes, or artificial neurons.
John Hopfield created the Hopfield Network, by using the concept of atomic spin, which stores and recalls patterns similar to how memory works.
Geoffrey Hinton developed the Boltzmann Machine, a neural network that can automatically identify patterns, such as recognizing elements in images, and uses methods from statistical physics to learn by example.
Significance
Today, ANNs form the backbone of Deep Learning, powering AI systems in image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous systems—revolutionizing the way AI interacts with the world.

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