Biomaterials are any synthetic or natural materials, used to improve or replace functionality in biological systems.
The primary requirement for biomedical material is the need to avoid any detrimental response by the human body to the substance. whether the material is implanted in the body or used as an external device.
▶ Biomedical materials are grouped into two main categories
1. Bio-erodible
2. Bio-stable
▶ Bioerodible - they are those materials, that decompose to harmless products when implanted in the body, that is they are unstable.
▶ Biostable - They are made for their resistance to breakdown in a biological environment.
▶ Range of material employed:
Metals, ceramics, and polymers are used as biomedical materials. Other materials employed include biometal composite and biofilm.
▶ Examples of biomedical materials and devices are:
1. Sutures: used to close wounds to the skin or other tissues. By the material of the suture, they are classified as absorbable suture and nonabsorbable suture.
Types of absorbable sutures are gut, polydioxanone, poliglecaprone, and polyglactin.
2. Implants: An implant is a substance or object that is put in the body as a prosthesis or for treatment or diagnosis.
3. Artificial organ: An artificial organ is an engineered device that can be implanted or integrated into a human body, interfacing with living tissue to replace organs, and duplicate or augment specific functions.
4. Blood vessels: they are channels that carry blood throughout the body. They form a closed loop, like a circuit that begins and ends at the heart.
5. Joint: Arthroplasty also called joint replacement, is a surgery to replace a damaged joint with an artificial joint (made of metal, ceramic, or plastic)
6. Biosensor: to detect the presence and amount of specific substances and to transmit the data.
7. Drug delivery system: Carry and/or apply drugs to a disease target.
Other applications of biomaterials include molecular probes and nanoparticles.
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✔ Recommended textbook - Biomedical Devices (material, design, and Manufacturing) by Raymond H.W. Lam; Weiqiang Chen
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Introduction To Biomedical Materials
Теги
Biomedical engineeringEngineeringbiomedicalBioerodibleBiocompositeBiofilmsSuturesAbsorbable suturesNon absorbable suturesImplantsArtificial organsBlood vesselsJointBiosensorMolecular probesnanoparticlesBiostable materialProstheticDrug delivery systemTypes of suturesbiometalsBioceramicsbiopolymerBiomedical electronics
