How does nutrition work in Animals and Plants?

Nutrition in living organisms

Energy is the ability to do work, to bring about change, or to move anything against an opposing force such as gravity or friction. It is also to maintain a living organism in its highly organized state.

We humans get this energy from food. Food gives us energy and contains vital elements that are broken down to make new protoplasm for our cells, ensure reproduction, and maintain health, that is, prevent deficiency diseases. Green plants make energy from sunlight during photosynthesis. Thus the energy we get by eating fruits and vegetables is called chemical energy.

We all have read somewhere or the other that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but
can be converted from one form to another. This is what happens inside our cells. For example, muscle cells convert the energy stored in food into kinetic energy also known as movement energy as muscles in our body contract to move our skeleton.

However, whenever the form of energy is changed, there is some energy lost or wasted in the form of heat energy. Thus, the food must provide more energy than the organism uses to make up for its loss. Energy loss occurs even when the organism is inactive and this is why even resting organisms require food.

Our body is like a machine that wears and tears upon functioning, but unlike any machine, it grows and reproduces. To carry out these processes it requires food. A classic example of this is that whenever we eat proteins, it is broken down to their simplest form, the amino acids, and are joined together to make proteins for our cell protoplasm.

Mammals also have an internal structure of bones and cartilage. They have to consume certain mineral salts as well as compounds like calcium and phosphorus, which are essential for the formation of skeletal structures. Calcium, iron, and phosphate are also essential minerals needed for many of the chemical processes taking place within the body.

Mammals also need small quantities of vitamins which they cannot make themselves. If the
supply of vitamins is inadequate, they may suffer from deficiency diseases such as rickets,
scurvy and beri beri.

Nutrients are chemical substances in food that nourish the body. There are two types of
nutrients, organic and inorganic nutrients. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and dietary
fiber are types of organic nutrients because they are obtained from living organisms.

Water and mineral salts are inorganic nutrients as they can be obtained from nonliving sources. Although there is a great variety of food some contain only one type of nutrient like meat contains only proteins.

In our next video, we will find out what role each of nutrient plays in our body.

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Timestamp:
00:00 Energy in body
00:20 Where do we get our energy from?
00:52 The energy loss
01:11 How does food keep our body functioning?
01:58 What are nutrients?
02:02 Two types of nutrients
02:06 Organic nutrients
02:16 Inorganic nutrients

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