On this day in 1910, Francisco Madero launched a revolutionary movement that marked the beginning of the Mexican Revolution. Although this initial revolt failed, it ignited widespread hope and set the stage for a decade-long struggle that would reshape Mexico’s political and social landscape.
Madero, a wealthy landowner and political reformist, had been an outspoken critic of Porfirio Díaz, the long-serving president whose regime was marked by authoritarian rule and severe economic inequality. Díaz’s policies favored the elite and foreign investors, leaving much of the population impoverished and disenfranchised. In his book *La Sucesión Presidencial en 1910* (*The Presidential Succession in 1910*), Madero called for democratic elections and denounced Díaz’s repressive government.
After Díaz won a highly suspect reelection in 1910, Madero fled to the United States, where he issued the *Plan de San Luis Potosí*. This manifesto declared the Díaz regime illegitimate and called for Mexicans to rise in armed rebellion on November 20, 1910. While Madero’s initial uprising attracted limited support and quickly faltered, it inspired leaders like Pancho Villa in the north and Emiliano Zapata in the south to mobilize their followers.
Villa and Zapata became symbols of the revolution, commanding ragged but determined armies that fought for land redistribution and social justice. Their campaigns, along with others, created a nationwide movement that eventually toppled Díaz in 1911. The Mexican Revolution continued for nearly a decade, leading to significant political reforms and the eventual establishment of a new constitution in 1917.
Though Madero himself was later overthrown and assassinated in 1913, his efforts to challenge Díaz’s authoritarian rule ignited a revolutionary spirit that reshaped the future of Mexico.
Today in History. Nov 20, 1910. Madero Ignites the Mexican Revolution.
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