A look at the two most prominent Norse goddesses and the question of whether they might have been considered the same at some places and times, plus some thoughts about our sources and their limitations.

Dr. Jackson Crawford is Instructor of Nordic Studies and Nordic Program Coordinator at the University of Colorado Boulder (formerly UC Berkeley and UCLA). He is a historical linguist and an experienced teacher and translator of Old Norse, Modern Icelandic, and Norwegian.

Visit JacksonWCrawford.com (includes a linked list of all videos).

Latest FAQs: [ Ссылка ] (updated Nov. 2018).

Music © I See Hawks in L.A., courtesy of the artist. Visit [ Ссылка ]

Logos by Elizabeth Porter (snowbringer at gmail).

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Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Poetic Edda: [ Ссылка ]
Audiobook: [ Ссылка ]

Jackson Crawford’s translation of The Saga of the Volsungs: [ Ссылка ]
Audiobook: [ Ссылка ]

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