Optimistic roll-up is the same concept as ZK Roll-up. Optimistic Rollups sacrifice some security for more flexibility. They allow for smart contracts to run on these secondary chains.

Application: Layer 2

Function: Scalability

On the other hand, there is no cryptographic proof that the state transition submitted to the main chain is correct. To mitigate this issue, there is a slight delay allowing users to challenge and reject invalid blocks submitted to the main chain. If bad actors are found, they will be penalised by burning staked tokens.

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