Density and Relative Density. Flotation Class 9 Physics.
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Density and relative density (also known as specific gravity) are both physical properties that describe the compactness or concentration of matter in a substance, typically a solid, liquid, or gas. Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume of a substance. It is calculated by dividing the mass (m) of a substance by its volume (V).
Density (ρ) = Mass (m) / Volume (V)
Common units for density include kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³), grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). Density is a fundamental property of a material and is used to characterize substances. For example, it can be used to differentiate between different materials based on their mass and volume.
Relative density, often referred to as specific gravity, is a dimensionless quantity that compares the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, usually water. It tells you how many times denser or lighter a substance is compared to water.
Relative Density (RD or SG) = Density of Substance / Density of Water (at a specified temperature)
Since it is a ratio of densities, it has no units.
Relative density is useful in various applications, especially when comparing the density of a substance to that of water. If the relative density of a substance is less than 1, it is less dense than water and will float on water. If it's greater than 1, it is denser than water and will sink.
For example, if the density of a substance is 2.7 g/cm³, and the density of water is approximately 1 g/cm³, then the relative density of the substance is 2.7. This means the substance is 2.7 times denser than water.
Condition for floatation:
If density of object is greater than the density of liquid ... object will sink
If density of object is less than the density of liquid .... object will float

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