Understanding the Nephron and its structures was never this easy. Follow along and read below ⤵️

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✅ Overview   
   
The Nephron is the fundamental functional unit of the kidney that regulates water and soluble substances in the blood by filtering the blood, reabsorbing the stuff it needs, and excreting the rest as urine. It's super important for homeostasis of blood volume, our blood pressure, and plasma osmolarity. Yes, hormones are involved (will discuss soon).
   
✅ Blood Flow   
   
Arcuate artery — Interlobular artery — Afferent arteriole — Glomerulus — Efferent arteriole — Peritubular capillaries — Vasa recta — Interolobular vein — Arcuate vein   
   
✅ Anatomical Nephron Subtypes   
   
Two basic anatomical subtypes depending on the length of the loop of Henle.    
   
Cortical Nephron: Short loops of Henle that do not dip far into the renal medulla.   
   
Juxtamedullary Nephron: Long loops of Henle that dip far into the renal medulla.   
   
✅ Filtrate Flow   
   
1️⃣ Glomerulus: site where fluid & solutes are filtered out of the blood to form a filtrate.   
2️⃣ Proximal convoluted tubule: reabsorbs ions, water, and nutrients; removes toxins and adjusts filtrate pH   
3️⃣ Descending loop of henle: aquaporins allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid.   
4️⃣ Ascending loop of henle: reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid.    
5️⃣ Distal convoluted tubule: selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance   
6️⃣ Collecting duct: reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate.   

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