Derinkuyu is a remarkable ancient underground city located in the Cappadocia region of central Turkey. It is one of several similar underground cities in the region, known for its intricate network of tunnels, chambers, and rooms carved into the soft volcanic rock. Derinkuyu is estimated to have been built and expanded upon during various periods in history, with its origins dating back as far as the Hittite era (around 1200 BCE) and its most significant development occurring during the Byzantine period (5th to 11th centuries CE).

The city is an astonishing feat of engineering and architecture, designed to provide shelter, protection, and sustenance to a substantial population during times of turmoil. The underground complex consists of several levels, reaching a depth of around 200 feet (60 meters) below ground. It is estimated that Derinkuyu could have accommodated up to 20,000 people, making it a self-contained community capable of supporting its inhabitants for extended periods.

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