Active learning. What does it actually mean? And how can we leverage active learning to make teaching more effective? And finally, what kinds of "active learning" seem active but are actually a waste of time?

This video addresses each of these questions and provides a roadmap for you to create effective active learning experiences.

00:00 Introduction
00:43 Active learning definition
02:13 Challenge 1: Lots of forms of active learning
02:44 Challenge 2: A lot of decision-making
03:40 Breaking down good active learning
03:56 Organizing knowledge
04:58 Recall and Application
06:06 Making Predictions (an aside - pulling stuff out of head is good)
07:18 Practice
07:49 Bad active learning; word search example
08:54 Good active learning
09:14 Geology example

12:19 Comment. Commenting's good.

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On the general superiority of active learning techniques, there's this monster meta-analysis in the context of science classes: [ Ссылка ]

Meta-analyses can be tricky to do right and even trickier to interpret, but this one is solid. It also dovetails with a lot of other research (look up: the testing effect, the generation effect, research on free recall, etc.).

A good resource for undergraduate instructors on incorporating active learning techniques in science classes is here (part of Carl Wieman's Science Education Initiative): [ Ссылка ]

The free recall study I referenced is here:  [ Ссылка ]

It’s a classic. I didn’t mention the fact that people misjudged how much they would remember with each technique (research participants thought they would remember more through re-study, not recall). This is also not just an isolated study. Lots and lots of research replicates this free recall effect and similar effects, like the generation effect, that illustrate this aspect of active learning.

If you read the study, there’s an additional group I didn’t mention - a concept map group. The concept map group did about as poorly as the re-study group, but I mentioned concept maps as a potential active learning technique. What's up with that? I'll do a video on concept maps at some point, but the short answer is that when you make the concept map while the study materials are in front of you, it's only marginally helpful. When you leverage free recall and make a concept map without the study materials with you, it's a lot more powerful.

Now, what extra boost the concept map buys you in addition to the straight-up free recall (no organizational schema at all) is an open question. But at the moment, I think it buys you something.

On “accepting explanations that sound reasonable,” see Frank Keil’s research on the illusion of explanatory coherence, like this piece: [ Ссылка ]

Derek Muller, at the venerable and awesome Veritasium1 channel, did some research that touched on the same idea. Check out his fantastic explanation here: [ Ссылка ]. His dissertation on the same topic can be found on his video description.

If you want to get into the nitty-gritty, I actually think Michelene Chi’s distinction between “active”, “constructive”, and “interactive” is a helpful way of thinking about things.

Her proposed breakdown is here: [ Ссылка ]

Sometimes we have to use the terms that people are using - and lots of people use the term "active learning," even though people don't necessarily mean the same thing by it. It's a poorly defined term, which is why I wanted to talk about what "good" active learning looks like.

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