Indus Water Treaty: What Is It And Why Does India Want Pakistan To Review It Now?
After issuing a notice to Pakistan in January 2023, India has once again sought a "modification" of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). However, this time, the notice also includes a demand for a review. But what is Indus Waters Treaty and Why India wants to review it? Let's take a look
What Is Indus Waters Treaty?
The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed on 19 September, 1960, by India's PM Nehru and Pakistan's President Ayub Khan after nine years of negotiations. It grants India unrestricted use of the Eastern Rivers (Beas, Ravi, and Sutlej) While it gives Pakistan control of the Western Rivers (Indus, Chenab, Jhelum), with India under obligation to let the Western Rivers' waters flow to Pakistan.
Why does India want to renegotiate IWT?
India’s latest notification highlights “fundamental and unforeseen changes in circumstances” that require a reassessment of obligations made under the Treaty. the “change includein population demographics, environmental issues and the need to accelerate development of clean energy to meet India’s emission targets, and the impact of persistent cross-border terrorism”. The notifications come amid the controversy over two hydel projects by India in Jammu & Kashmir—Kishanganga in Bandipora and Ratle on the Chenab in Kishtwar. Which Pakistan believes violate the Treaty.
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