Driven by commercial rivalry and political tensions between England and the Dutch Republic, the Dutch Raid on the Medway occurred as a major conflict during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

The Dutch first captured Fort Sheerness, which guarded the entrance to the Medway River. Then they proceeded upstream, breaking through a Chain barrier. Finally, they reached the Royal Fleet anchored near Chatham and destroyed or captured 15 English ships, including the HMS Royal Charles, the Flagship of the fleet.

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