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Though they floated at the surface, sea cows struggled to dive, making them easy prey for hunters. Russian seal hunters valued them for their meat during long sea voyages, often leading to wasteful killings. In 1741, the population was estimated at around 2,000, but by 1768, they had been driven to extinction. The demise of Steller’s sea cow serves as a stark reminder of the vulnerability of small, isolated animal populations.
Steller’s sea cow was part of the same family as the dugong. While both dugongs and manatees belong to the order Sirenia, Steller’s sea cow was unique in that it was one of the few sirenians adapted to cooler waters. Its large size helped it survive in these environments by giving it a smaller surface area-to-volume ratio compared to other sirenians, which likely reduced heat loss. Additionally, its thick skin probably offered better insulation against the cold.
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