[ Ссылка ]

[ Ссылка ]

[ Ссылка ]

[ Ссылка ]

The Catholic Church is mired in corruption by the 16th century.In 1517 Martin Luther publishes his 95 Point Thesis at Wittenberg, starting the Protestant Reformation. He is summoned to the Diet of Worms, where Charles V declares him an outlaw. Along comes Frederick III of Saxony, Luther's prince to save him. The Magisterial Reformation succeeds not only in Germany, but in Sweden and Denmark too. The French and the English Reformations also start, but end with diverging results. Another consequence of the Reformation is the Knights Revolt and the Peasants War.
In 1521 Huldrych Zwingli begins the Swiss Reformation. Groups of Anabaptists also emerge in Zürich. The Swiss Reformation continues with John Calvin.The Calvinist Reformation is particularly successful in France and the Low Countries, leading to religious wars.After the Council of Trent and the formation of the Jesuits, the Catholic Counter-Reformation picks up.
Charles V is victorious in the First Schmalkaldic War, as Protestants are crushed at the Battle of Mühlberg. Nevertheless Charles is forced to grant religious freedom at the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. Confessionalism takes hold over Europe, and Catholics are on a crash course with Protestants...

Bibliography:

Collinson, P (2006). The Reformation A History
Harline, C (2017). A World Ablaze The Rise of Martin Luther and the Birth of Reformation
Hart D G (2013). Calvinism A History
McNeill, J T (1967). The History and Character of Calvinism
Nauert, C G (1995). Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe
MacCulloch, D (2003). The Reformation
Spitz, L W (1962). The Reformation Material or Spiritual?
Sessions, K C (1968). Reformation and Authority: The Meaning of the Peasants' Revolt
Miller, D (2003). Armies of the German Peasant's War 1524-26
Wilson, P H (2016). Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire
Parker, C H (2007). Between the Middle Ages and Modernity
Viesner-Hnks, M E (2006). Early Modern Europe 1450–1789
Cobbett, W (2012). A History of the Protestant Reformation In England & Ireland
Green, I (2000). Print and Protestantism in Early Modern England

0:00 Start
00:42 The State of the Church
2:34 Pre-Reformers
5:15 Humanism, Capitalism, Printing
7:31 Road to Wittenberg
9:18 Indulgences
11:10 95 Point Theses
12:33 Excommunication
14:45 Diet of Worms
16:48 Frederick III
18:06 Zwickau Prophets
19:29 Knight's Revolt
21:09 Peasant's War
24:17 Magisterial Reformation
25:45 Lutheran Expansion
28:18 France and England
29:53 Schmalkaldic League
32:21 Zwingli
35:03 Marburg, Kappel Wars
37:11 Anabaptists
40:05 Calvin
44:18 Schmalkaldic Wars
49:30 Counter-Reformation
54:13 Timeline and Chronology

#Reformation #Luther #ReligiousWars

свернуть