Founded by king Menes, Memphis was the capital of ancient Egypt and an important centre of trade and politics. It was under the protection of creator deity Ptah, the patron of craftsmen and architects, who "crafted the world in the design of his heart," and "gave life to all the gods and their kas as well, through this heart and this tongue."
Until the rise of Alexandria, it was a centre of trade and politics. The city reached its peak during the 6th dynasty as a cult centre of God Ptah...The importance of Memphis as a centre of politics declined after the 18th dynasty with the rise of Thebes and the New Kingdom...
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