The Russian Revolution of 1917 began with people in Petrograd rebelling against Tsar Nicholas II due to food shortages and other hardships. They forced him to step down in February. A new Provisional Government took over, but they didn't solve all the problems, so the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in October. They promised peace, land, and food to the people. After a fierce civil war, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union, the world's first communist country. This revolution changed Russia and influenced socialist movements worldwide, shaping much of the 20th century.

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