The 12903/12904 Golden Temple Superfast Mail is a daily superfast train operated by Indian Railways, connecting Mumbai Central (MMCT), Maharashtra, to Amritsar Junction (ASR), Punjab. It is the fastest daily train on this route and is named after Amritsar's iconic Golden Temple. The train has been equipped with modern LHB coaches since September 29, 2020.

Historical Significance:
Originally introduced as the Frontier Mail in 1928, the train transported passengers from Ballard Pier, Bombay to Peshawar on the North-West Frontier before the Partition of India. It served as a crucial link for British passengers arriving by steamer and continued to operate under this name until September 1996. During the autumn months (September to December), the train would depart from Ballard Pier Mole station to facilitate steamer passengers.

The Frontier Mail also holds a unique place in Indian history and pop culture. Film legend Prithviraj Kapoor is believed to have traveled on it in 1928 to begin his career in Bombay. The train also inspired the movie Miss Frontier Mail, starring Hunterwali, India's first action heroine.
In 1934, the Frontier Mail became India's first air-conditioned train. It also pioneered onboard radio services, which continued under its new name.

Train Composition:
The Golden Temple Mail features:
• 1 AC First-Class Coach
• 3 AC 2-Tier Coaches
• 6 AC 3-Tier Coaches
• 6 Sleeper Class Coaches
• 2 General Unreserved Coaches
• 1 General Cum Baggage Coach
• 1 Pantry Car
• 1 Railway Mail Service Coach
• 1 High-Capacity Parcel Van

Service Details:
The train operates as 12903 from Mumbai Central to Amritsar Junction and as 12904 in the reverse direction. Covering a distance of 1,891 km, it takes approximately:
32 hours 15 minutes (12903) at an average speed of 58.64 km/h
31 hours 55 minutes (12904) at an average speed of 59.25 km/h

Traction:
The train is hauled by a Vadodara-based WAP-7 electric locomotive for the entire route.

Route and Major Stops:
The Golden Temple Mail travels via several prominent stations, including:
• Borivali
• Surat
• Vadodara Junction
• Ratlam Junction
• Kota Junction
• Hazrat Nizamuddin
• Saharanpur Junction
• Ludhiana Junction
• Jalandhar City Junction
• Amritsar Junction

This train continues to be a significant part of Indian Railways' legacy, linking historical, cultural, and modern elements in its operation.

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