#shorts - the Fine Structure Constant (alpha) is a fundamental constant of nature. It is often known as the coupling constant of the electromagnetic force, and is dimensionless, with a value of approximately 1/137.
It shows up a lot in the mathematics behind physics, but there's a reason it's known as the "Fine Structure" constant. Many of you may know that atoms are made up protons and neutrons in a central nucleus, with electrons "orbiting" the nucleus in discrete energy levels, or shells. But if we look closely, many of these energy levels are actually split up into further levels that are very close to each other in energy. This is known as the fine structure, and the energy gap between these energy levels is proportional to the square of the number of protons in the nucleus, and the Fine Structure Constant. This is where our constant gets its name
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