How To Build My Tesla Turbine - Part 7: Second Stage Pump Assembly (Timelapse)
NIKOLA TESLA BRITISH PATENT 186,082 - IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND GAS TURBINES
"In the new design I employ two heavier end-plates which are machined tapering toward the periphery for the purpose of reducing the maximum centrifugal stress as much as practicable. The inside discs, of relatively thin material, are rolled, forged or ground tapering in like manner and with the same object in view, but this may not always be necessary and plates, made of sheet metal of substantially uniform thickness as furnished by the mills, can be employed. Each of the thick as well as thin plates is provided with exhaust openings, leaving a solid central portion like the hub and spokes of a wheel. Star-washers of similar configuration serve the purpose of keeping the discs apart in the center and for the peripheral spacing the thin plates have small holes drilled in them on a circle, or circles, of suitable diameter, and in these are driven tight-fitting studs which are upset at both ends by a special tool so that they will project beyond the metal on each side a trifle more than the thickness of the star-washers. When the plates are put together the separating studs do not come in line but are straddled in order to give opportunity for slight yielding, thereby eliminating constructional difficulties which might be caused by unevenness or other mechanical imperfections. Thus the rotor can be finished closely to predetermined overall dimensions and will run true on the outside even if the thin inside plates should vary a little in thickness or be slightly warped. To simplify this arrangement I provide only every second plate with studs, using plain ones between. Furthermore, with the object of cheapening the manufacture I dispense altogether with the former, accomplishing the spacing by means of small bosses or protuberances which are raised in the plates by blows or pressure and provide a die, practically reducing all the machine work on a thin plate to a single operation in a stamping press. The star-washers, while preferable, are not indispensable and may be replaced by round separating washers of a diameter about equal to that of the hub part of the discs"
-NIKOLA TESLA
"This construction permits free expansion and contraction of each plate individually under the varying influence of heat and centrifugal force and possesses a number of other advantages which are of considerable practical moment. A larger active plate area and consequently more power is obtained for a given width, this improving efficiency. Warping is virtually eliminated and smaller side clearances may be used which results in diminished leakage and friction losses. The rotor is better adapted for dynamic balancing and through rubbing friction resists disturbing influences thereby insuring quieter running. For this reason and also because the discs are not rigidly joined it is safer against damage which might otherwise be caused by vibration or excessive speed."
-NIKOLA TESLA
"....what I claim is:
1) A rotor for steam and gas turbines composed of plane spaced discs and two rigid end-plates holding them in fixed position laterally but permitting their independent expansion or contraction in the radial direction, said discs and plates being provided with exhaust openings in their central portions, substantially as described.
2) A turbine rotor comprising plane discs with spacers allowing radial displacement, central separating washers and two rigid tapering end-plates for holding the structure firmly near the shaft, said discs and end-plates having exhaust openings in their central portions, substantially as described.
3) In a rotor for high-speed turbines plane spaced discs with exhaust openings in their central portions and tapering towards the periphery as, and for the purpose, described.
4) A turbine rotor consisting of a system of discs held apart by spacers in frictional contact with them and alternately straddled as, and for the purpose, described.
5)A turbine rotor composed of plane parallel discs having exhaust openings in their central portions and projections for holding them apart near the periphery, substantially as described.
6)In a turbine rotor composed of flat discs with exhaust openings in their central portions, star washers of similar configuration and projecting with their arms considerably beyond the openings in the discs, substantially as described."
NIKOLA TESLA
Read The Full Patent Here:
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