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In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful



Surah Al-Hashr is the 59th surah (chapter) of The Glorious Quran. Name of the surah means The Banishment. It has 24 ayaat (verses) and was revealed in the holy city of Medina i.e., after Prophet ﷺ migrated to the city of Medina. This surah can be found in juz / paara 28.


Quick summary:

Surah # 59
Meaning = The Banishment
No. of ayaat = 24
Revelation place = Medina
Revelation order = 101
Rukūʿ = 3 (Ayaah 10, 17, 24)
Hizb break(s) = 1 (Ayaah 10)
Juz / paara = Juz 28 (Ayaat 1-24)
Manzil (⅐ of Quran) = 7
Page # 761 - 766


Introduction:

This Medinian sûrah takes its name from verse 2, which refers to the exile of the Jewish tribe of Banu An-Naḍîr from Medina for conspiring with the Meccan pagans to violate peace agreements with the Muslims. The hypocrites are condemned for their secret alliance with Banu An-Naḍîr. Some instructions are given regarding the distribution of the spoils of war. The sûrah closes by stressing unwavering obedience to Almighty Allāh, which is further emphasized at the beginning of the next sûrah.


Details from Tafheem-ul-Qurʾān:


Name:
The Surah derives its name from the mention of the word al-hashr in verse thereby implying that it is the Surah in which the word al-hashr has occurred.


Theme and Subject Matter:

The theme of the Surah is an appraisal of the battle against the Bani an Nadir.

In the first four verses the world has been admonished to take heed of the fate that had just befallen the Bani an-Nadir. A major tribe which was as strong in numbers as the Muslims, whose people boasted of far more wealth and possession who were by no means ill-equipped militarily and whose forts were well fortified could not stand siege even for a few days, and expressed their readiness to accept banishment from their

centuries-old, well established settlement even though not a single man from among them was slain. Allāh says that this happened not because of any power possessed by the Muslims but because the Jews had tried to resist and fight Allāh and His Messenger, and those who dare to resist the power of Allāh, always meet with the same fate. In verse 5, the rule of the law of war that has been enunciated is: the destruction caused in the enemy territory for military purposes does not come under "spreading mischief in the earth." In vv. 6-10 it has been stated how the lands and properties which come under the control of the Islamic State as a result of war or peace terms, are to be managed. As it was the first ever occasion that the Muslims took control of a conquered territory, the law concerning it was laid down for their guidance. In vv. 11-17 the attitude that the hypocrites had adopted on the occasion of the battle against the Bani an-Nadir has been reviewed and the causes underlying it have been pointed out. The whole of the last section (vv. 18-24) is an admonition for all those people who had professed to have affirmed the faith and joined the Muslim community, but were devoid of the true spirit of the faith. In it they have been told what is the real demand of the Faith, what is the real difference between piety and wickedness, what is the place and importance of the Qurʾān which they professed to believe in, and what are the attributes of God in Whom they claimed to have believed.


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