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The Palamu Kila are two ruined forts located around 20 kilometres (12 mi) south east of the city of Daltonganj in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The old fort in the plains, which existed even before the Chero dynasty, was built by the King of Raksel Rajput Dynasty. These are two large forts located deep in the forests of Aurangabad on Sher Shah Suri path near Daltonganj. The original fort in the plains and the other on an adjoining hill are attributed to the kings of a Chero dynasty. The fort in the plains had defences on three sides and three main gates. The New fort was constructed by Raja Medini Ray. The architecture is Islamic in style, which reflects Daud Khan’s conquest.
Geography
The Palamu Kila are two ruined forts located around south east of the city of Daltonganj in the Indian state of Jharkhand. These are large forts located deep in the forests of Palamunear Daltonganj The first fort (old fort) is in the plains and the second fort (new fort)is in an adjoining hill, and both overlook the meandering Auranga River (also known as Ornaga River) in Palamu. The river looks like jagged teeth due to extensive rock exposures in the bed of the river which may perhaps be the source of the name 'Palamau', meaning the "place of the fanged river."The forts are in a densely forested area of the Betla National Park. The forts are close to each other and lie about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Daltonganj.
History
The old fort in the plains, which existed even before the Chero dynasty, was built by the King of Raksel Rajput Dynasty. However, it was during the reign of King Medini Ray (1662–1674) (also spelled Medini Rai), who ruled for thirteen years from 1662 to 1674 from Medininagar in Palamau. The old fort was rebuilt into a defensive structure.[7][2] Ray was a Chero tribal king.[8] His rule extended to areas in South Gaya and Hazaribagh. He attacked Doisa now known as Navaratragarh(33 miles (53 km) from Ranchi) and defeated the Maharaja of Chhotanagpur. With war bounty he constructed the lower fort close to Satbarwa, and this fort became famous in the history of the district.
The Mughals, during the reign of Emperor Akbar, under the command of Raja Man Singh, invaded in 1574, but subsequently his contingent at Palamau was defeated in 1605 following the death of Akbar. During the reign of jahangir,the Subedar of Patna and Palamau tried to impose a tribute on the Raksel rulers which they refused to pay. This resulted in three attacks in series by the Mughals.
The rulers of Raksel Rajput Dynasty in 1613 CE were invaded by the Chero under Bhagwant Rai with the aid of Rajput chiefs, the ancestors of The Thakurais of Ranka and Chainpur. When the Raksel Raja Man Singh then ruling Palamu was out of capital Bhagwant Rai seized power. On hearing this news Raja Man Singh made no efforts to regain his kingdom of Palamu, retreated into Surguja and established the Raksel Rajput Dynasty of Surguja. Surguja State was one of the main princely states of Central India during the period of the British Raj.
Daud Khan, who launched his invasion starting from Patna on 3 April 1660, attacked south of Gaya district and finally arrived at the Palamu Forts on 9 December 1660. The terms of surrender and payment of tribute were not acceptable to the Cheros; Daud Khan wanted complete conversion of all Hindus under the Chero rule to Islam. Following this, Khan mounted a series of attacks on the forts. Cheros defended the forts but ultimately both forts were occupied by Daud Khan, and the Cheros fled to the jungles. Hindus were driven out, the temples were destroyed, and Islamic rule imposed.
Following the death of Medini Ray there was rivalry within the royal family of the Chero dynasty which ultimately lead to its downfall; this was engineered by the ministers and advisers in the court.[9] Chitrajeet Rai's nephew Gopal Rai betrayed him and facilitated the Patna Council of the BritishEast India Company to attack the fort. When the new fort was attacked by Captain Camac on 28 January 1771, the Chero soldiers fought valiantly but had to retreat to the old fort on account of water shortage. This facilitated the British army to occupy the new fort located on a hill without any struggle. This location was strategic and enabled the British to mount canon supported attacks on the old fort. The Cheros fought valiantly with their own canons but the old fort was besieged by the British on 19 March 1771.The fort was finally occupied by the British in 1772. The Cheros and Kharwars again rebelled against the British in 1882 but the attack was repulsed.
