Technical chart (1): Nanomaterials used in biomedical applications offer a wide range of functionalities due to their unique properties, each with its specific advantages and challenges. Metallic NPs and metal oxides offer unique optical and catalytic properties but face toxicity concerns, while carbon-based nanomaterials provide unparalleled strength and conductivity but require functionalization for safe biomedical use. Hydrogels and nanofibres offer biocompatibility and mechanical properties, making them suitable for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Here is an overview of the types of nanomaterials and their differences in terms of examples, manufacturing methods, properties, problems, and applications. (1) G. N. Kaluderovic, et al. Advanced Nanomaterials in Biomedical Applications, Nanomaterials, 2024, 14, 1668. (2) S.J. Malode, et al. Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Progress and Outlook, ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2024, 7, 2, 752–777. (3) L.X. Yip, et al. Cell-derived nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 25(1), 2024, 2315013.
Technical chart (2): “Many efforts were spent in the development of innovative synthesis route to control the shape of the Nanoparticles (NPs) and to investigate and tune the shape dependent properties with several different morphology such as spheres, wires, rods, cubes, plates, belts, cages, polyhedral, meatballs, stars, thorns, snowflakes, flowers, combs, prisms, and several other interesting and odd shapes”. (1) Stassi, S. et al. (2014). Nanosized Gold and Silver Spherical, Spiky, and Multi-branched Particles. In: Bhushan, B., Luo, D., Schricker, S., Sigmund, W., Zauscher, S. (eds) Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2) Tan SJ, et al. (2011), Building plasmonic nanostructures with DNA. Nat Nanotechnol. 6:268–276.

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