West Nile Virus is a mosquito-borne virus that primarily infects birds but can also affect humans, horses, and other mammals. It is named after the West Nile region in Uganda, where it was first identified in 1937. It belongs to the Flaviviridae family.
Mosquitoes are the main vectors for WNV transmission. Specifically, mosquitoes belonging to the Culex species, such as Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus, are the most common carriers of the virus.
These mosquitoes become infected by feeding on infected birds, which serve as reservoir hosts for virus.
Humans, horses, and other mammals are considered "dead-end hosts" because they do not produce high enough levels of the virus in their bloodstream to infect feeding mosquitoes.
It's important to note that while mosquitoes are the primary mode of transmission, but in rare cases WNV can also be transmitted through transfusion and organ transplantation, mother-to-child transmission & during laboratory accidents.
Most people (about 70-80%) infected with West Nile virus do not exhibit any symptoms. However, some individuals may experience mild symptoms that last a few days to a few weeks, including Fever, Headache, Fatigue, Body aches, Nausea, Vomiting, Swollen lymph nodes.
Remove any sources of standing water around your home, such as flower pots, buckets, birdbaths, and clogged gutters. Mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing water, so eliminating these breeding sites reduces their population.
Apply an EPA-registered mosquito repellent on exposed skin and clothing. Look for repellents containing active ingredients like DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus.
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