Part 02~ History of Nadir Shah Afshar ( Nader Shah ) in Urdu & Hindi|Nader Shah Afshar Struggle to gain power
Writer. Aslam Rahi MA
Voice. Nasir Aslam
Nadir Shah Afshar, also known as Nāder Qoli Beyg or Tahmāsb Qoli Khan, was a significant figure in Iranian history. He was born on August 6, 1698, in Dastgerd, Khorasan, Safavid Iran, and died on June 20, 1747, in Quchan, Khorasan, Afsharid Iran.
Early Life and Rise to Power:
Nadir Shah was born into the Turkoman Afshar tribe, which was loyal to the Safavid dynasty. His early life was marked by hardship, and he initially gained prominence as a bandit leader. His leadership skills became evident when he formed and led a band of robbers, eventually supporting the Safavid shah Ṭahmāsp II in 1726.
Military Campaigns and Conquests
Nadir Shah is renowned for his military genius and numerous campaigns across the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and South Asia. Some of his notable battles include:
- **Battle of Herat**
- **Battle of Mihmandust**
- **Battle of Murche-Khort**
- **Battle of Kirkuk**
- **Battle of Yeghevārd**
- **Battle of Khyber Pass**
- **Battle of Karnal**
- **Battle of Kars**
His military prowess earned him titles such as the "Napoleon of Persia" and the "Sword of Persia".
Reign as Shah of Iran
In 1736, Nadir Shah deposed the last Safavid ruler, Abbas III, and declared himself Shah of Iran. His reign saw the expansion of the Iranian empire to include parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, India, Iraq, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Oman, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and the North Caucasus.
" Key Achievements”
- Reunification of Iran:
Nadir Shah played a crucial role in reuniting Iran after a period of chaos and foreign invasion.
- Peacock Throne and Koh-i-Noor Diamond:
During his invasion of India, he captured Delhi and returned to Iran with vast amounts of loot, including the famous Peacock Throne and the Koh-i-Noor diamond.
- Military Reforms:
He reformed Iran's military forces, making them one of the most formidable in the region.
Later Years and Assassination
Nadir Shah's later years were marked by increasing cruelty and paranoia. His heavy military spending had a detrimental effect on the Iranian economy. He was assassinated in 1747 during a rebellion.
Legacy
Nadir Shah is remembered as one of the last great Asiatic military conquerors. His empire quickly disintegrated after his death, leading to a period of civil war in Iran. His grandson, Shahrokh Shah, was the last of his dynasty to rule, ultimately being deposed in 1796.
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