The Lance-tailed Manakins didn't waste any time practicing their elaborate courtship rituals this morning in Isla Boca Brava, Panama. Watch the alpha male named YWmF (banded yellow-over-white on left, metal-over-pink (“fluorescent”) on right) leap and bound with two other males on the display perch. The jury may still be out on who's the beta male at this perch site! Read more about the Lance-tailed Manakin's unique courtship and breeding behavior below.
The ManakinCam returns for another action-packed season, featuring some old friends and some new faces! Last year’s beta male, YWmF (banded yellow-over-white on left, metal-over-pink (“fluorescent”) on right) has ascended to become alpha at a new perch site. He has a crew of other males that have been hanging around, with RFFm (red over "fluorescent" pink on left, "fluorescent" over metal on the right) being the likely beta at the site. For Lance-tailed Manakin males, age and experience are some of the most important determinants in breeding success and last year was YWmF’s first foray into dancing. Now that he’s an alpha, will he see more success? Watch along with us and find out.
Activity is greatest in the AM, though displays can happen at any time of day. Listen for their three-note duet that seems to say “Que rico!”, which is an advertisement to females that they’re around and ready to perform!
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This cam shows one display perch in a population of Lance-tailed Manakins on Isla Boca Brava, Chiriquí, Panamá, that has been monitored intensively since 1999. Lance-tailed Manakins are small passerine birds in the family Pipridae that live in secondary growth forests of Western Panama, Columbia, and Venezuela. Male Lance-tailed Manakins are black with a blue back and red crest; females are olive-green with orange legs, and have an orange or red crest. Young males initially look like females, but pass through two intermediate subadult plumages before attaining adult coloration in their 4th year after hatching. Lance-tailed Manakins are primarily frugivorous, and manakins as a group are important seed dispersers in tropical forests.
As of 2016, there have been more than two thousand individual Lance-tailed Manakins banded on Isla Boca Brava. There is naturally high mortality for chicks, with only about 30% of nests fledging in a “good year” – but adults can live very long lives. Our oldest male this year has band #339 and was banded as a second-year male in 2001.
Courtship and Breeding
Lance-tailed Manakins, like other species in the genus Chiroxiphia, court females using complex multi-male displays. The webcam shows one display perch in the display area of one pair of males. However, these two males also perform displays on two other perches in their display area, albeit less frequently. The monitored region consists of 29 males and their display partners, with display areas of adjacent alphas usually separated by at least 50 meters. This concentration of male display areas is called a “lek,” and females visit the lek to evaluate lots of males prior to choosing whom to breed with.
Male Lance-tailed Manakins form long-term two-male alliances. Partners perch side-by-side in tall trees to sing duet songs. When a female approaches, they perform a dance of coordinated leaps and butterfly-like flights on the display perch. Displays that happen right before copulation are often performed only by the alpha male, but if both males are present the beta male typically leaves the area several minutes before the final stages of courtship and mating. The most eye-catching display is the “backwards leapfrog” in which the two males leap alternately over one another as the female watches at close range. Bouts of leapfrog display often end with a sharp “eek” by the alpha male, and one display can include many bouts of leaping – and eeking.
Female Choice on the Lek
Female Lance-tailed Manakins move widely among display areas in this lek mating system, typically observing displays by 4-6 pairs of males before choosing their mates. After mating, females nest outside of their mate’s display area and raise their young without any male assistance. Though males apparently contribute only sperm to their offspring, mate choice matters: the offspring of more genetically diverse males are more likely to survive.
You can learn more about bird behavior like the dances of the Lance-tailed Manakin in the self-paced, online course "Think Like a Bird." Receive 20% off if you purchase with coupon code TLABcam20. Enroll here: [ Ссылка ]
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