●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩ENGLISH۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●
Witaj, majowa jutrzenko, znana też jako: Mazurek 3 Maja, Trzeci Maj, Trzeci maj Litwina – pieśń związana z Konstytucją 3 Maja, ze słowami wiersza Rajnolda Suchodolskiego. Tekst został napisany w czasie powstania listopadowego, którego Suchodolski był uczestnikiem. Melodia jest stylizowana na mazurka. Pieśń przywołuje pamięć Konstytucji 3 Maja, pierwszej konstytucji w Europie. Po upadku powstania listopadowego Richard Wagner użył melodii tegoż mazurka jako motywu uwertury „Polonia”. Prawdopodobnie zachwycili go podróżujący Polacy, których miał okazję spotkać.
●▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ஜ۩ENGLISH۩ஜ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬●
The May 3rd Constitution introduced political equality between townspeople and nobility (szlachta) and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom. The Constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had put the Sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo the legislation adopted by that Sejm. The Constitution sought to supplant the existing anarchy fostered by some of the country's magnates with a more democratic constitutional monarchy. The adoption of the May 3rd Constitution met with hostile political and military responses from the Commonwealth's neighbors. In the War in Defense of the Constitution, the Commonwealth's ally Prussia, under Frederick William II, broke its alliance with the Commonwealth, and the Commonwealth was defeated by Catherine the Great's Imperial Russia allied with the Targowica Confederation, a coalition of Polish magnates and landless nobility who opposed reforms that might weaken their influence. Despite the Commonwealth's defeat and the ensuing Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793), the May 3rd Constitution remained, after the subsequent 1795 demise of the "Republic [or 'Commonwealth'] of the Two Nations", over the next 123 years of Polish partitions, a beacon in the struggle to restore Polish sovereignty.
