Leaders from the world's 20 major economies reached a consensus document despite deep divisions over the Ukraine conflict, highlighting the suffering in Ukraine without directly condemning Russia.

The G20 formally admitted the African Union (AU) as a permanent member, making the group more representative and giving greater voice to the Global South within the G20.

India, along with Brazil, Indonesia, and South Africa, played a crucial role in preventing a split within the G20 over the Ukraine conflict, showcasing the influence of Global South developing nations.


Leaders of the United States, India and Saudi Arabia among others announced plans to set up rail and ports links between the Middle East and South Asia and eventually to Europe which U.S. President Joe Biden said was a "real big deal."
The Biden administration is seeking to counter China's Belt and Road push on global infrastructure by pitching Washington as an alternative partner and investor for developing countries at the G20 grouping.
However, there were no details about financing or a time frame for the project that involved laying down railway lines in the Middle East and then connecting them to India by port.

The G20 leaders agreed to triple global renewable energy capacity by 2030 and acknowledged the need to phase out unabated coal power. However, no major climate goals or financing plans were specified.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi used the G20 presidency to showcase India's diplomatic and economic influence, enhancing his standing at home as he sought re-election.

Overall, the G20 summit in 2023 addressed various global issues, including conflict resolution, representation, infrastructure development, climate action, and diplomatic influence.

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