Every word has three forms – its sounds (phonemes), its orthography (spelling), and its meaning.
Orthographic mapping is the process that all successful readers use to become fluent readers.
Through orthographic mapping, students use the oral language processing part of their brain to map (connect) the sounds of words they already know (the phonemes) to the letters in a word (the spellings). They then permanently store the connected sounds and letters of words (along with their meaning) as instantly recognizable words, described as “sight vocabulary” or “sight words”.
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