How Fan Coils Work in HVAC Systems | 2 Pipe FCU Working | FCU Fan Coil Unit Working

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What is a 2 Pipe FCU System?

🔴A 2 Pipe Fan coil system is a single closed loop supply and return water distribution system that serves each suite.
🔴The building has a central chiller and cooling tower to cool the water in the loop and a Boiler to heat the water in the loop.
🔴There is only one water loop for the building. As a result, either heating or cooling is available depending on the time of year and the date when the building decides to switch over.
🔴If the building is set to heating, the tenant is not able to receive cooling in their suite and vice versa.
🔴Suite Occupants may have to tolerate temperature swings in the fall and spring.
🔴Inside each suite is a Fan coil unit that is controlled by the suite’s thermostat.
🔴Each Suites fan has three speeds, low, medium and high, which are calibrated to deliver different air flow quantities, in CFMs
🔴Each Suite is equipped with an ECM constant air flow motor
which maintains each fan speed at a constant air flow rate
EXAMPLE:
A) The building is set for Cooling:
The resident sets their thermostat to cool. The process is:
1. The fan starts
2. The water flows through the coil
3. The air flow delivers cooling to the suite at Low, Medium or High Fan speed.
4. When the room temp is satisfied the water flow through the coil stops and the fan shuts down
Carma Records the suite operating on heating or cooling and the speed at which each fan is operating. The
operating time recorded at each fan speed is used to calculate the monthly suite usage factor. (The operating time
at each fan speed is multiplied by the CFM’s for each fan speed
B) The building is set to heating:
The resident sets thermostat to cool
1. Nothing happens
*** Note: Some two pipe fan coil buildings may be equipped with electric heat as well. If the building is set to
cooling and the tenant requests heating the thermostat may switch to the electric heat (This usage is captured in
the units’ electricity bill)
Sequence of Operations
When a Two Pipe Fan Coil unit operates, the following functions occur:
Starting Sequence – When the main closed loop water circulation system is providing Heating and the room
thermostat calls for Heating, the heating function is activated.
• The thermostat opens the water flow control valve to the coil and starts the fan to establish air flow over
the coil
• The Two Pipe Fan Coil System will be in heating mode of operation at any time of day until the building’s
central plant is switched over to cooling mode in summer.
When the main closed loop water circulation system is providing Cooling and the room thermostat calls for
cooling, the cooling function is activated.
• The thermostat opens the water flow control valve to the coil and starts the fan to establish air flow over
the coil
• The Two Pipe Fan Coil System will be in cooling mode of operation at any time of day until the building’s
central plant is switched over to heating mode in winter.
Stopping the Sequence – The Thermostat deactivates the Heating or Cooling Function as Follows:
• Closes the water flow to the coil
• Stops the air flow over the coil
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