Einstein’s true legacy is his ground-breaking discovery that simple, beautiful and purely mathematical LOCAL SYMMETRY is Nature’s (the cosmos’s) primary feature. Understanding central properties of Local Symmetry can also help us to see why and how Local Symmetry underpins the two key constants in Nature: the QUANTUM OF ACTION and LIGHTSPEED c. We can then also comprehend why Nature presents itself as physicists have discovered so far and why understanding Local Symmetry is so important for each human being and hence humanity as a whole.
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Some quotes from the talk:
“The perspectives offered by symmetry (…) It is imperative that we try to give the nonscientific members of society, who, through democratic processes, make the final decisions, a better understanding of the key issues. In fact, our future depends upon it.”
Leon M. Lederman & Christopher T. Hill
(Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe, 2004, pp.24-25)
“It is of greatest importance that the general public be given an opportunity to experience—consciously and intelligently—the efforts and results of scientific research. (…) Restricting the body of knowledge to a small group deadens the philosophical spirit of a people and leads to spiritual poverty.”
Albert Einstein
(From the foreword of September 10, 1948, to Lincoln Barnett’s The Universe and Dr. Einstein; 2nd rev. ed. New York: Bantam, 1957), 9
“At the center are (...) areas of pure science (...) in which (...) pure thinking traces hidden harmonies in the world. This innermost area, in which science and art can hardly be separated, is perhaps the place for humanity today where truth presents itself in its purest form and is no longer veiled by human ideologies and desires.”
Werner Heisenberg
(Schritte über Grenzen, Gesammelte Reden und Aufsätze; Steps across borders, collected speeches and essays, 1977, p.84; author translation)
“The indescriptive character of modern atomic physics is ultimately based on the existence of Planck's constant, on the existence of a scale of atomic smallness in the laws of nature...”
Werner Heisenberg
(Steps across borders, collected speeches and essays, Schritte über Grenzen, Gesammelte Reden und Aufsätze, 1977, p.25; author translation)
"Thus (...) Plato's thought enters the natural sciences, that is, that the atomic structure of matter is ultimately based on a mathematical law, a mathematical symmetry (...) The existence of atoms or elementary particles as an expression of a mathematical structure, that was the new possibility that Planck had unveiled with his discovery, and here he touches on the fundamentals of philosophy.”
Werner Heisenberg
(Steps across borders, collected speeches and essays, Schritte über Grenzen, Gesammelte Reden und Aufsätze, 1977, p.24; author translation)
“…mathematical analysis (…) without this language (…) we should forever have been ignorant of the internal harmony of the world, which is, we shall see, the only true objective reality. The best expression of this harmony is law (…) we (…) should be astonished at nature’s regularity (…) The world is divine because it has harmony.”
Henri Poincaré
(The Foundations of Science; The Value of Science, p.99, 2022)
“Just a few years after Planck's discovery, natural laws containing such a scale constant were formulated for the second time. The second constant itself, the speed of light, was known to physicists for a long time. However, its fundamental role as a standard in the laws of nature was only understood through Einstein's theory of relativity. There are relationships between space and time (...) and in the mathematical formulation of these relationships the speed of light appears as the characteristic constant (...) The speed of light is a measure set by nature, which does not refer to specific things in nature but to the general structure of space and time.”
Werner Heisenberg
(Steps across borders, collected speeches and essays, Schritte über Grenzen, Gesammelte Reden und Aufsätze, 1977, p.25; author translation)
“Wherefore he resolved to have a moving image of eternity, and when he set in order the heaven, he made this image eternal but moving according to number, while eternity itself rests in unity; and this image we call time.”
Plato
(Timaeus, translated by Benjamin Jowett, p.23)
“Based on our experiences so far, we have reason to be confident that nature is the realization of the simplest conceivable mathematical concept.”
Albert Einstein
(On the Method of Theoretical Physics, 10 June 1933, Author translation)
Further Reading: Books by Nobel Prize Laureates/Physicists:
“Ideas and Opinions” by Albert Einstein
“Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe” by Leon Lederman & Christopher Hill
“A Beautiful Question” by Frank Wilczek
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