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00:03:27 1 Effects of global warming
00:05:51 2 Complementary to mitigation
00:08:37 3 Costs and international funding
00:08:48 3.1 Cost of adaptation vs. mitigation
00:11:19 3.2 Cost estimates and international aid
00:15:52 3.3 International aid mechanisms
00:19:54 3.4 Integration with development aid
00:20:52 4 Considerations and general recommendations
00:21:04 4.1 Principles for effective policy
00:25:05 4.2 Criteria for assessing responses
00:27:11 4.3 Differing time scales
00:29:04 4.4 Traditional coping strategies
00:30:45 5 Methods of adaptation
00:30:55 5.1 Local adaptation efforts
00:34:51 5.2 Enhancing adaptive capacity
00:38:14 5.3 Agricultural production
00:41:02 5.3.1 More spending on irrigation
00:42:47 5.4 Weather control
00:44:20 5.5 Damming glacial lakes
00:45:05 5.6 Geoengineering
00:47:10 5.7 Migration
00:50:21 5.8 Insurance
00:52:37 6 Adaptation measures by region
00:53:12 6.1 United States
00:55:44 6.2 Germany
00:56:36 6.3 Bangladesh
00:57:14 6.4 India
00:57:34 6.5 Mesoamerica
00:58:48 6.6 Nepal
00:58:57 7 Opposition to adaptation
00:59:54 7.1 Climate adaptation denial
01:01:34 8 Conflict-sensitive adaptation
01:03:02 9 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.7288395806293937
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Climate change adaptation is a response to global warming (also known as "climate change" or "anthropogenic climate change"), that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social and biological systems to relatively sudden change and thus offset the effects of global warming. Even if emissions are stabilized relatively soon, global warming and its effects should last many years, and adaptation would be necessary to the resulting changes in climate. Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are predicted to bear the brunt of the effects of global warming. That is, the capacity and potential for humans to adapt (called adaptive capacity) is unevenly distributed across different regions and populations, and developing countries generally have less capacity to adapt. Furthermore, the degree of adaptation correlates to the situational focus on environmental issues. Therefore, adaptation requires the situational assessment of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental impacts.Adaptive capacity is closely linked to social and economic development. The economic costs of adaptation to climate change are likely to cost billions of dollars annually for the next several decades, though the amount of money needed is unknown. Donor countries promised an annual $100 billion by 2020 through the Green Climate Fund for developing countries to adapt to climate change. However, while the fund was set up during COP16 in Cancún, concrete pledges by developed countries have not been forthcoming. The adaptation challenge grows with the magnitude and the rate of climate change.
Another response to climate change is known as climate change mitigation. It advocates to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or enhance the removal of these gases from the atmosphere (through carbon sinks). Even the most effective reductions in emissions, however, would not prevent further climate change impacts, making the need for adaptation unavoidable. A study has concluded, with very high confidence, that in the absence of mitigation efforts, the effects of climate change would reach such a magnitude as to make adaptation impossible for some natural ecosystems. Others are concerned that climate adaptation programs might interfere with the existing development programs and thus lead to unintended consequences for vulnerable groups. For human systems, the economic and social costs of unmitigated climate change would be very high.
