Chris Thembisile Hani (born Martin Thembisile Hani), was the leader of the South African Communist Party and chief of staff of uMkhonto weSizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). He was a fierce opponent of the apartheid government, and was assassinated by Janusz Waluś, a Polish immigrant and sympathiser of the Conservative opposition on 10 April 1993, during the unrest preceding the transition to democracy.

Because of Hani's involvement with Umkhonto we Sizwe, he was in 1963, forced into exile by the South African government and changed his first name to Chris. In exile, Hani organised guerrilla operations of the MK in South Africa. By 1982, he had become prominent enough to have become the target of assassination attempts.

Having spent time as a clandestine organiser in South Africa in the mid-1970s, he permanently returned to South Africa following the unbanning of the ANC in 1990, and took over from Joe Slovo as head of the South African Communist Party (SACP) on 8 December 1991. At the time, he supported the suspension of the ANC's armed struggle in favour of negotiations.

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