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Illinois v. Caballes | 543 U.S. 405 (2005)
Law enforcement officers use dogs to search for missing persons, to subdue combative suspects, and to detect any number of illegal substances. And in Illinois versus Caballes, the United States Supreme Court considered under what circumstances police could have a dog sniff a car for drugs.
Illinois state police stopped Roy Caballes for speeding. While the initial officer was writing a traffic ticket, another officer arrived on scene with a drug-sniffing dog. The second officer walked the dog around the car, and the dog alerted at the trunk. Based on that alert, the officers searched the trunk and found marijuana. Caballes was arrested and charged with a drug offense.
The trial judge denied Caballes’s motion to suppress the evidence seized from his car, and Caballes was convicted. The Illinois Appellate Court affirmed, but the Illinois Supreme Court reversed, ruling that police had no specific articulable facts warranting suspicion that Caballes possessed illegal drugs. So, the dog sniff violated the Fourth Amendment. The United States Supreme Court then granted the state’s cert petition.
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