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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Named after the Roman god of war, and often described as the 'Red Planet' due to its reddish appearance, Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide.
Mars and Earth have approximately the same landmass: Even though Mars has only 15 percent of the Earth's volume and just over 10 per cent of the Earth's mass, around two thirds of the Earth's surface is covered in water. Martain surface gravity is only 37 percent of the Earth's (meaning you could leap nearly three times higher on Mars.
Mars is home to the tallest mountain in the solar system: Olympus Mons, a shield volcano, is 21 km high and 600 km in diameter. Despite having formed over billions of years, evidence from volcanic lava flows is so recent many scientists believe it could still be active.
As of September 2014 there have been 40 missions to Mars, including orbiters, landers and rovers but not counting flybys. The most recent arrivals include the Mars Curosity mission in 2012, the Maven mission, which arrived on Septembe 22, 2014, followed by the Indian Space Research Organization's MOM Mangalyan orbiter, which arrived on September 24, 2014.
Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system: They can last for months and cover the entire planer. The seasons are extreme because its elliptical (oval-shaped) orbital path around the Sun is more elongated than most other planets in the solar system.
On Mars the Sun appears about half the size as it does on Earth: At the closest point to the Sun, the Martian southern hemisphere leans towards the sun, causing a short, intensely hot summer, while the northern hemisphere endures a brief, cold winter: at its farthest point from the Sun, the Martian northern hemisphere leans towards the Sun, the Martian northern hemisphere leans towards the Sun, causing a long, mild summer, while the southern hemisphere endures a lengthly, cold winter.
