Bell X-14 -- NASA X-Plane. The Bell X-14 (Bell Type 68) was an experimental VTOL aircraft developed in the U.S. The Bell X-14 studied horizontal and vertical takeoff, hover, transition to forward flight, and vertical landing.

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The X-14 first flew in 1957 and successfully completed vertical takeoff, hover, and vertical landing. In 1959, its Viper engines were replaced with General Electric J85 engines. The aircraft was delivered to the NASA Ames Research Center designated the X-14A. It served as a NASA test aircraft until 1981. In the early 1970s, the X-14A was given new engines (General Electric J85-GE-19 engines) and named the X-14B. Onboard computers and digital fly-by-wire control system were installed to enable emulation of landing characteristics of other VTOL aircraft. The X-14 was also used to train Apollo astronauts for lunar landing.

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