A torn rotator cuff is a condition that causes shoulder pain, weakness, and limited mobility, often necessitating surgical repair to restore function. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint—subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor—that stabilize the joint and facilitate arm movement. These tears typically result from repetitive stress or acute injury, with older individuals more prone to attritional tears rather than traumatic ones. Symptoms include pain, especially during overhead activities or at night, and weakness. Surgical options vary based on the tear's severity and patient anatomy, including open repair, mini-open repair, and arthroscopic repair. Arthroscopic surgery, favored for its minimal invasiveness, involves using a camera and instruments to repair the tendon through small incisions. Preoperative care may involve avoiding cortisone injections, which can weaken the tendon, and addressing shoulder stiffness to ensure a smoother recovery. Postoperative recovery emphasizes delayed rehabilitation to allow for tendon healing, with a progressive protocol starting from gentle motion to strengthening exercises over several months. This approach is crucial for ensuring the longevity of the repair and reducing the risk of re-tear.

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