Timeline
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Oxford AZ vaccine
‘All of the 6 vaccinated monkeys treated with the Oxford vaccine became infected when challenged’
‘That viral loads in the noses of vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were identical’
Less severe clinical symptoms than unvaccinated animals
Neutralising antibody titres were low, insufficient to prevent infection
Insufficient to prevent viral shedding in nasal secretions
Human trials began in April with a non-vaccinated control group
2 groups now undergoing antibody studies
Results in a few months
Now preparing for 30,000 subjects, including elderly and children
New vaccines risk antibody-induced enhancement
This effect caused serious lung damage in animals given experimental vaccines for both SARS-1 and MERS.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, immunity and vaccine
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Two studies,
Infection prevents reinfection.
Prototype vaccines protected against SARS-CoV-2
Antibodies do provide protection, whether they are triggered by an infection or a vaccine.
Study 1
Researchers infected 9 adult monkeys, noses and lungs
Virus quickly spread into their upper and lower respiratory tracts
All 9 developed viral pneumonia
All recovered within 28 days.
A week later, re-exposed, none of the animals got sick
Immunity passports
Study 2
35 monkeys
25 vaccinated (2 doses), 10 not vaccinated
One of six prototypes of DNA vaccines
All prototype vaccines used the genetic code for portions of the protein that CoV-2 uses to invade cells
All of the vaccinated monkeys developed antibodies, some at recovered monkey level
6 candidate DNA vaccines induced neutralizing antibody
3 weeks after the second vaccine dose,
All monkeys inoculated with COVID-19
25 vaccinated and 10 not vaccinated
None of the vaccinated monkeys developed high levels of the virus in their lungs
All 10 of the unvaccinated monkeys did
8 of the 25 vaccinated demonstrated no detectable virus at any point
17 monkeys showed low levels of virus
Higher antibody levels were linked to lower viral loads
Therefore, lab test for risk of infection can be developed
Questions
Does this all apply to humans?
How long will the naturally or vaccine acquired immunity last?
