When nutrients from the ocean depths reach the sunlit surface (like in the Galapagos), life is more productive.
LEARN MORE
**************
To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
- Net Primary Production (NPP): the amount of primary production that organisms do, minus the amount of carbon they use up to do so (by respiring)
- Phytoplankton: microscopic green algae that live in water and get energy through photosynthesis. Learn more here: [ Ссылка ]
- Primary Production: the synthesis of organic chemicals from carbon dioxide (mostly happens through photosynthesis)
- Upwelling: the motion of cooler, usually nutrient-rich, water towards the ocean surface
CREDITS
*********
Script Writer: Alex Reich
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida
Video Illustrator: Arcadi Garcia
Video Director: Alex Reich & Emily Elert
Video Narrator: Emily Elert
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
[ Ссылка ]
SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH
**************************
If you like what we do, you can help us!:
- Become our patron: [ Ссылка ]
- Our merch: [ Ссылка ]
- Our book: [ Ссылка ]
- Share this video with your friends and family
- Leave us a comment (we read them!)
OUR LINKS
************
Youtube | [ Ссылка ]
TikTok | [ Ссылка ]
Twitter | [ Ссылка ]
Instagram | [ Ссылка ]
Facebook | [ Ссылка ]
Website | [ Ссылка ]
Apple Podcasts| [ Ссылка ]
REFERENCES
**************
Ainley, David. Personal Communication, 2018.
Baker, A. J., et al. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc of Royal Soc B: Biol Sci, 273 (1582), 11-17. [ Ссылка ]
Behrenfeld, M. J., et al. 2006. Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity. Nature, 444(7120), 752. [ Ссылка ]
Boersma, Dee. Personal Communication, 2018.
Boyd, P.W., et al. 2014. Cross-chapter box on net primary production in the ocean. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC [Field, C.B., et al (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK & New York, NY, USA, pp. 133-136.
Dybdahl, Mark. Personal Communication, 2018.
Falkowski, P. G., et al. 1998. Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science, 281(5374), 200-206. [ Ссылка ]
Field, C. B., et al. 1998. Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components. Science, 281(5374), 237-240. [ Ссылка ]
Karnauskas, K. B., et al. 2017. Paleoceanography of the eastern equatorial Pacific over the past 4 million years and the geologic origins of modern Galapagos upwelling. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 460, 22-28. [ Ссылка ]
LaRue, Michelle. Personal Communication, 2018.
Kallmeyer, Jens. Personal Communication, 2018.
Pockalny, Robert. Personal Communication, 2018.
Sigman, D. M. & Hain, M. P. 2012. The Biological Productivity of the Ocean. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):21. [ Ссылка ]
Stock, Charlie. Personal Communication, 2018.
Galapagos penguin diet [ Ссылка ]
Penguin diet [ Ссылка ]
Cromwell Current & Galapagos: [ Ссылка ]
Penguin distribution: [ Ссылка ] , [ Ссылка ]
Ocean productivity: [ Ссылка ]
